Financial exclusion is the lack of access to services such as bank accounts, credit, or insurance due to geographical, economic, educational, digital, or social factors.

The different types of financial exclusion can be summarized as follows: exclusion based on location, low income, lack of financial education, digital divide, distrust, and discrimination. An interesting line of research corresponds to the study of the consequences of this financial exclusion, such as the lack of secure savings and access to credit (which generates a dependence on informal lenders), greater inequality, difficulties in accessing basic services, and lower economic development, among others.